Where are patch antennas used?

A patch antenna is a low-profile directional radio antenna that is used for indoor locations covering single-floor offices, stores and small studios . It is mounted on a small, rectangular, flat surface and consists of two metallic plates placed upon each other.

The S band is used by airport surveillance radar for air traffic control, weather radar, surface ship radar, and some communications satellites , especially those used by NASA to communicate with the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station. The 10 cm radar short-band ranges roughly from 1.55 to 5.2 GHz.

All GPS signals are in the L-band of the frequency spectrum ( 1–2 GHz). Because L-band waves penetrate clouds, fog, rain, storms, and vegetation, GPS units can receive accurate data in all weather conditions, day or night .

The triple band microstrip patch antenna resonates at 26.92GHz, 35.08GHz and 54.74GHz . The antenna shows a return loss of -52.87dB with a bandwidth and gain of 13.92% and 6.36dB respectively at 54.74GHz. These results manifest the antenna to be a superior candidate for future 5G applications.