What is abstraction with example?

A concrete example of an abstract class would be a class called Animal . You see many animals in real life, but there are only kinds of animals. That is, you never look at something purple and furry and say “that is an animal and there is no more specific way of defining it”.

In simple terms, abstraction “displays” only the relevant attributes of objects and “hides” the unnecessary details . For example, when we are driving a car, we are only concerned about driving the car like start/stop the car, accelerate/ break, etc.

A class that contains a pure virtual function is known as an abstract class. In the above example, the class Shape is an abstract class. We cannot create objects of an abstract class. However, we can derive classes from them, and use their data members and member functions (except pure virtual functions).