What hardware is required for 5G?

Standalone 5G deployment consists of user equipment — the RAN and NR interface — and the 5G core network, which relies on a service-based architecture framework with virtualized network functions . Network functions that usually run on hardware become virtualized and run as software.

Multichannel, highly integrated RF transceivers are the core piece of the 5G hardware puzzle. An RF signal bandwidth up to 1 GHz is required, with the possibility to operate in multiband. Implementing an RF sampling technique enables the described characteristics in a simpler architecture and with reduced cost.

5G networks use a type of encoding called OFDM , which is similar to the encoding that 4G LTE uses. The air interface is designed for much lower latency and greater flexibility than LTE, though.

5G networks are virtualized and software-driven , and they exploit cloud technologies. The 5G network will also simplify mobility, with seamless open roaming capabilities between cellular and Wi-Fi access.