Lag features are the classical way that time series forecasting problems are transformed into supervised learning problems . The simplest approach is to predict the value at the next time (t+1) given the value at the previous time (t-1).
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Time-series data have core components like seasonality, trend, and cycles . For example, ice-cream sales usually have yearly seasonality — you can reasonably predict the next summer’s sales based on this year’s. Similarly, temperatures or air quality measurements have daily seasonality or also, yearly.
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