Higher order QAM modulation schemes are vulnerable to error. Therefore, error correction coding ensures higher chances of signal survivability in AWGN and multipath Rayleigh Channel and thus enhances the performance of the system.
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In AM, the amplitude of a high-frequency carrier signal is varied in proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating message signal. Frequency Modulation (FM) is the most popular analog modulation technique used in mobile communications systems.
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For speeds of 400 Gbps and beyond, however, 16-QAM is preferable because of its easier implementation and better optical signal-to-noise-ratio performance due to the larger distance between the constellation points. FIGURE 9. Constellation diagrams for APSK schemes and corresponding QAM formats.
Read moreWhich digital modulation technique is better and why?
Amplitude modulation methods like ASK/OOK and QAM are far more susceptible to noise so they have a higher BER for a given modulation. Phase and frequency modulation (BPSK, FSK, etc.) fare better in a noisy environment so they require less signal power for a given noise level (Fig.14 Tem 2021
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