Lora RF

LoRa uses an unmodulated carrier in an FM chirp , which has similarities to M-ary FSK.

More than a decade ago, Long Range (LoRa) was invented to—as the name indicates—provide a low power wide area network (LPWAN) protocol operating at sub-GHz frequencies. … In general, the range of sub-GHz LPWAN varies from a few kilometers in urban environments to more than 10 km in rural environments.

LoRa Physical layer chiefly relies on chirp spread spectrum modulation with six spreading factors, while LoRaWAN MAC protocol imposes exploiting random channel frequency-hopping for each transmission using unlicensed frequency bands .

LoRaWAN is a point-to-multipoint networking protocol that uses Semtech’s LoRa modulation scheme . It’s not just about the radio waves; it’s about how the radio waves communicate with LoRaWAN gateways to do things like encryption and identification. It also includes a cloud component, which multiple gateways connect to.