Hierarchical Inheritance in C++ refers to the type of inheritance that has a hierarchical structure of classes . A single base class can have multiple derived classes, and other subclasses can further inherit these derived classes, forming a hierarchy of classes.
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In hierarchical inheritance, all features that are common in child classes are included in the base class . For example, Physics, Chemistry, Biology are derived from Science class. Similarly, Dog, Cat, Horse are derived from Animal class.
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When two or more classes inherits a single class, it is known as hierarchical inheritance. In the example given below, Dog and Cat classes inherits the Animal class , so there is hierarchical inheritance.
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Inheritance is the process by which genetic information is passed on from parent to child . This is why members of the same family tend to have similar characteristics.
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The class whose members are inherited is called the base class, and the class that inherits those members is called the derived class . Inheritance implements the IS-A relationship. For example, mammal IS-A animal, dog IS-A mammal; Hence dog IS-A animal as well.
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