How do ZK-rollups work?

Zero-knowledge rollups (ZK-rollups) bundle (or “roll-up”) hundreds of transfers off-chain and generate a cryptographic proof . These proofs can come in the form of SNARKs (succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge) or STARKs (scalable transparent argument of knowledge).

Immutable X is a Layer 2 scaling solution for non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on Ethereum. It uses ZK-Rollups to scale up instant trading, and to eliminate gas fees for NFT minting and trading, without sacrificing the security of users and assets.

Described as a “layer 2 construction that increases scalability through mass transfer processing rolled into a single transaction ,” ZK-Rollups vastly reduce the computing and storage resources required to validate blocks, by decreasing the amount of data in a transaction.

Rollups settle the transactions outside of the main Ethereum network but post the transaction data back to the Ethereum network and still derive its security from the Ethereum protocol . Each rollup has its specific contracts deployed on the main Ethereum network.