5g multiple access

Phase shift keying: 5G technology implements quadrature phase shift keying, QPSK as the lowest order modulation format. Although this will provide the slowest data throughput it will also provide the most robust link and as such it can be used when signal levels are low or when interference is high.

5G NR CP-OFDM chain It is intended for MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). They are like Gold sequences as used in PDSCH. CP-OFDM offers very high spectral packing efficiency in RBs (Resource blocks). It is employed when network operators need to maximize network capacity in dense urban environments .

LTE uses OFDM as the basic signal format – OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink with various modulation formats. OFDM forms the basic signal format used within 4G LTE .

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a modulation technique that is used in several applications ranging from cellular systems (3GLTE, WiMAX), wireless local area networks (LANs), digital audio radio, underwater communications, and even optical light modulation .