4G and 5G protocols

The 5G radio protocols consist of a user plane (UP) and a control plane (CP). The UP is located between the IP layer and the physical layer: in the OSI model of computer networking, the UP corresponds to the Data Link Layer and is therefore commonly referred to as Layer 2 .6 Ara 2019

5G Protocol standardization is the process of tailoring the 5G technology to serve the market requirements and even more, by introducing new applications and services besides the traditional services introduced by the initial mobile networks such as 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G .24 Şub 2021

We present several versions of 5G-TCP protocol , to be used in the next generation mobile networks, including its fronthaul and backhaul network parts. The developed TCP algorithm 5G-TCP, shows an improved behavior of the TCP’s congestion window in high speed mobile environment.

There are three types of 5G being built in the U.S. including low-band, mid-band and high-band mmWave 5G . It’s confusing for consumers, especially since there aren’t phones that support all three yet. AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile/Sprint all have different strategies.